Sensors
SENSORS

for the Internet of Things

Safety sensors, torque sensors, optoelectronic sensors or magnetic sensors, also for various types of protection

Sensors | The whole world of sensor technology 4.0

The Industry 4.0 requires the digitalization and networking of processes in industrial manufacturing. Next to the communication technology for Networking All components involved in the smart factory require intelligent components that pass on their own data to the further processing systems steering provide. Smart sensors record this data, which we report on in detail here.

Industry 4.0 sensors Turck


Sensors 2023 / 2024 – The most important things in brief

Sensor technology is driving progress in almost all industrial sectors and offers promising opportunities for one smarter, connected and data-driven future. And so sensor technologies are in a phase of rapid innovation.

The focus is on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and that Internet of Things (IoT), which enable more complex and intelligent systems. While sensors were once limited to simple data collection functions, they are increasingly becoming critical components of intelligent systems capable of analyzing data and making proactive decisions.

During the Industrial automation Advanced sensors enable more precise monitoring and control of production processes, resulting in increased efficiency and reduced downtime. The fourth industrial revolution needs safety sensors, torque sensors, optoelectronic sensors or magnetic sensors more than ever, to name just a few.

An emerging trend is the development of sensors that monitor specific environmental parameters such as air quality, temperature and humidity with high accuracy, which is particularly important for Smart city-Applications and sustainable environmental management systems is important.

In addition, multisensory ones win platforms in importance that combine different types of sensor data - acoustic, optical, tactile - to enable more comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the environment. This is particularly relevant in areas such as autonomous vehicle technology and in advanced security systems.

The miniaturization Also remains a key trend, sensors are becoming smaller, more efficient and more energy-saving. This enables their integration into wearable devices and opens up new possibilities in health monitoring and personal fitness management. Below you will find the latest sensor innovations from various manufacturers for primarily industrial applications:

Radar sensor

Industrial radar sensor with CAN interface

16.02.2024/68/69 | The new radar sensors from Pepperl+Fuchs are extremely compact. Housed in an IPXNUMX/XNUMX housing, they are particularly robust. The design also allows maximum flexibility during assembly. The rotatable and pivotable sensor head of the radar sensor can be optimally aligned to the target area in almost any installation situation.
Speed ​​sensor

Speed ​​sensor for mobile machines

06.01.2024/10/XNUMX | With the robust speed sensor GEL SEIXNUMX, Lenord+Bauer presents an innovative solution for mobile work machines. This sensor was designed for challenging environmental conditions. The tachometer guarantees high mechanical stability thanks to its robust stainless steel housing and the robust cable gland
Laser sensor

Fastest laser sensors with highest performance

03.01.2024/1420/8 | Micro-Epsilon's Opto NCDT 16 series laser sensors offer doubled measurement rates up to XNUMX kHz and XNUMX bit digital/analog conversion. They are now the fastest laser sensors in their class. The optical sensors are suitable for advanced automation series applications.
encoder

High-resolution Profinet absolute encoders

Sep 19.09.2023, 4.2 | The new encoders with Profinet interface for real-time applications from Turck are primarily used in logistics, food technology and mechanical engineering. The RES and REM encoder series rely on the current Profinet encoder profile version 19. They have resolutions of 24 bits for single-turn and up to XNUMX bits for multi-turn devices.
Level sensor

All-rounder for level measurement

July 27.07.2023, 3 | Vibration level switches reliably detect the level or height of liquids in chemical plants and in the oil and gas industry. With the Vibracon LVL-M4 and -MXNUMX level switches, Pepperl+Fuchs offers two new series of vibration level switches that have Atex and IECEx approvals.
optical sensor

Optical sensor for LED signal light

July 03.07.2023, 30 - Banner Engineering's K30 Pro optical sensor is suitable for applications that require an optical sensor and a multicolor LED display. The very compact device with a diameter of 20 mm is a space-saving solution designed to detect objects in an adjustable range of 1000 to XNUMX mm for clear user guidance.
Torque sensor

Measuring torque with sensors inside the transmission

June 02.06.2023, XNUMX | At Automatica, Schaeffler is presenting sensors for cobots that are integrated into precision wave gears. With this concept for measuring torque, shorter cycle times in robotics are possible. Methods like these enable significant progress in the widespread use of collaborative robots in industrial automation.
Clamping technology sensor

Sensor detects the status of the clamping systems

May 05.05.2023, XNUMX | With the Vero-S modular system from Schunk, the workpiece and clamping device can be fully automated and quickly fixed, positioned and clamped in the machine. The query sensor provides information about three clamping states of the modules. During automated clamping, the sensor helps overcome uncertainties by bringing more transparency to the clamping process.
Lidar sensor

Lidar sensor monitors conveyor belt utilization

May 27.05.2023, 2 | The ContourXNUMXD sensor system from Pepperl+Fuchs is the most efficient way to see how busy a conveyor belt is. Unique on the market, only a single lidar sensor is used. Thanks to its performance features and the intelligent algorithm, the shadow effect can be reliably corrected.
temperature sensor

Combined vibration/temperature sensor with IO-Link

April 24.04.2023, XNUMX | Turck is expanding its range of temperature sensors to include the robust vibration sensor with integrated temperature detection. The CMVT is suitable for condition monitoring and prevents e.g. B. that a machine is damaged by an imbalance of rotating parts. Vibration and temperature are crucial here for the timely detection of early defects.

Lidar sensor for autonomous driving up to 130 km/h

March 30.03.2023, 3 | Valeo's Scala 3 lidar is at the heart of the next generation of highly automated systems. It will not only expand the range of use of level 130 conditionally automated vehicles, but also enable higher speeds of up to 4 km/h. It will also make the use of level XNUMX robotaxis possible on a large scale.
Schmersal

Position detection of electric monorail systems

14.02.2023/XNUMX/XNUMX | Schmersal Group presents a new magnetic track sensor box for position detection of electric monorail systems in the intralogistics and automotive industries. Such electric monorail systems transport bodies, doors, engines, etc. to the various assembly workstations. The new sensor box SSB-R can now do this too, but much more precisely.

Sensors types according to function and principle of operation 

3D sensor, distance sensor, displacement sensor, angle sensor, distance sensor, vision sensor, acceleration sensor, level sensor, vibration sensor, oscillation sensor, rotary encoder, absolute encoder, pressure sensor, torque sensor, speed sensor, encoder, conductivity sensor, lidar sensor, optical sensor, cable pull sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, laser sensor, IO-Link sensor, flow sensor, Atex sensor, optoelectronic sensor, query sensor, position sensor, inclination sensor, thickness gauge, light sensor, cable displacement sensor, magnetic sensor, inductive sensor, inkential sensor, capacitive sensor, Hall sensor, pick-to-light -Sensor, Namur sensor, safety sensor, compact sensor, magnetic field sensor, tension band sensor, IoT sensor, IIoT sensor, passive sensor, active sensor, radar sensor, multisensor, factor 1 sensor, RFID sensors, laser profile sensor, light section sensor ...

These are all sensors for and from industry. Not all of the sensors listed actually represent one type of sensor. Some of them are named after a specific feature, others after the application. Sensors are also classified differently: according to Measuring principle and and output signalin analog and digital Sensors or in active and passive Sensors. For the sake of simplicity, the following articles about the individual types of sensors are arranged alphabetically.

3D sensor | Stereo vision, time of flight, laser triangulation

In the interaction of Lidar and Time-of-Flighttechnologies, 3D sensors unfold their full potential to precisely capture spatial data. In our article we highlight new 3D sensor developments and the dynamic applications of these state-of-the-art sensors. Learn how these new developments are transforming the 3D capture landscape.

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Distance sensors | Distance, path, distance & Co.

Distance sensors, distance sensors, thickness gauges, etc. are distance sensors. In our article we highlight the latest developments from manufacturers, current applications, the status of development and trends in this area. Here you will also find answers to frequently asked questions about sensors for the dimensional measurements path, distance, thickness, position, etc.

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Accelerometer | Measuring forces and direction

An accelerometer or accelerometer precisely measures acceleration forces and is used in applications that require motion analysis and motion control. They measure static or dynamic forces and can record direction and acceleration. Discover new products, applications and basic knowledge in this article.

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Speed ​​sensor | Monitors and controls drives

In industry, speed sensors record and monitor the speeds of drives based on the principle of an inductive sensor or a magnetic sensor. Discover the latest developments in speed sensors, also known as tachometers. Our article introduces new products, explains a wide range of possible uses and answers the most important questions about these precise measuring devices.

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Torque sensor | Non-contact, maintenance-free, precise

Torques can be measured precisely with a torque sensor. In the automotive industry, manufacturing technology and aerospace, they play a crucial role in monitoring and controlling rotational movements. Find out more about how they work, types and applications and discover new products.

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Pressure sensors | Pressure measurement technology goes digital

In industry, a wide range of pressure sensors are used to regulate the mechanical measurement of pressure and sometimes also temperature. Analogue and increasingly digital, they are suitable for Pneumatics, Hydraulic System or are electrically designed. With IO Link, a pressure sensor qualifies for Industry 4.0 applications, and in the dual channel principle it is even more flexible. We present these and other new developments here.

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encoders | Industrial Ethernet and Industry 4.0 encoders

Encoders act as measurement sensors for precise speed measurement and position detection in manufacturing processes, mobile work machines and industrial applications. Here the protractors convert rotational movement into digital signals. The rotary encoders work with wear-free scanning, which is carried out optoelectronic or magnetically. There are incremental encoders and absolute encoders. 

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Level sensor | Level switch for simple to IIoT use

Level sensors are used for continuous measurement of the levels of liquids, bulk solids, etc. Media. Discover the latest developments in level sensors with capacitive level sensor and ultrasonic level sensor. Our article highlights current market innovations, discusses a wide range of application areas and offers insights into the current state of the art and the latest trends.

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Conductivity sensor | For food and beverage manufacturers

In view of increasingly individual customer requirements and smaller batch sizes in high-wage countries, food and beverage manufacturers can only remain competitive with sufficient process automation. High-performance and robust sensor technology is necessary here so that the systems become transparent. The “Combilyz” conductivity sensor is an unbeatable helper for the phase separation of food, water and cleaning liquid Baumer.

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Lidar sensor | Laser light remote sensing technology

Discover the fascinating world of the lidar sensor, a part of the optical sensors. Find out everything about the current state of technology and future trends in our article. We will introduce you to new products from various manufacturers as well as the diverse possible applications of lidar sensors. You can also find answers to the most important questions about this advanced technology here.

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Optical sensors | Light scanner, lidar sensor, laser sensor

Are you ready for the latest developments in the field of optical sensors for measuring distance, presence, position, etc. In our article you will find out everything about the state of the art, various applications and you will get answers to your questions about optical sensors. Read how an optical sensor can meet your needs.

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Cable pull transmitter | Cable pull sensor and cable pull displacement sensor

Cable pull sensors, also known as cable pull sensors or cable pull displacement sensors, are precise measuring instruments that provide reliable and accurate displacement measurement through a simple but effective principle: a cable is pulled out in proportion to the movement of the measurement object. Their easy handling and high flexibility make them ideal for use in Industrial automationvehicle systems and construction technology. 

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Current sensor | Closed loop technology and reverb effect

Current sensors measure currents. In this post, discover the latest developments in current sensing, including advanced Hall sensors. We will introduce you to new products and show their possible applications. Find out how modern current sensors from various companies improve accuracy and efficiency in various industries Automotive and Manufacturing increase.

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Temperature sensor | IO-Link and combined measured variables

The temperature sensor is indispensable in the Measurement Technology and process control. The latest developments in temperature sensing are multifunctional and focus on sensor materials and measurement accuracy as well as IO-Link integration. This article also shows how the latest sensors are used in industrial and technological contexts. Learn how advanced temperature sensors from various manufacturers increase precision in critical applications.

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Ultrasonic sensor | For distance, distance and level

An ultrasonic sensor takes millimeter-precise measurements of the distance of objects or the fill levels of media such as liquids. It uses ultrasonic waves as a displacement sensor. When measuring distance, the measuring principle of sound transit time measurement of high-frequency sound pulses is often used. Objects can be metal, non-metal, transparent, powdery or liquid. 

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Angle sensor | Magnetic, configurable, precise

An angle sensor often has to function reliably even under harsh operating conditions. These sensors provide accurate angle data that is used in applications in Mobile work machines, Automotive engineering and Industrial automation are needed. Discover in our article how angle sensors work and their technological advantages using the example of some applications. 

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users report

The users have their say in our application stories. They describe the problem and show solutions that they have developed together with some sensor specialists. A transport shuttle from Montratec has absolutely nothing to do with the Orient Express at Marvel Studios.

Special effects at Marvel
Magnetic stirrer at AWH
Transport shuttle at Montratec
Waste disposal near Villiger
Body assembly at Iveco
PCB assembly at Turck
Decanter centrifuge at Alfa Laval

Applications and Industries

There is hardly an industry left that does not have something to do with sensors. Sensor technology can be found everywhere and accompanies you from the time you get up to the time you go to sleep, from the land of the rising sun to around the entire globe. And so just a few of our industry examples reflect the huge diversity that is growing day by day.

Elevator construction: Incremental and absolute value rotary encoders

Precise positioning and speed control of elevator cars is a prerequisite for an optimal journey. Any distance/time curves can be driven using rotary encoders for position and speed detection. While incremental encoders are suitable for speed measurement, position determination is achieved with absolute encoders. Baumer offers an extensive range of encoders for elevator construction.

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Automotive: Lidar sensor for four-dimensional traffic scenarios

In the area of ​​assistance systems for z. B. self-driving cars Many automobile enthusiasts rely on lidar technology. lbeo Automotive Systems has developed new lidar sensors for this purpose. The Ibeonext has a new type of photon laser Measurement Technology. It generates a high-resolution 3-D point cloud for the reliable detection of objects.

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Battery production: sensors for relevant process steps

The efficient control of machines and systems in battery cell production requires many sensors that work with different measurement methods. The sensor technology from Pepperl+Fuchs belongs in the Automotive industry to the standard equipment. Based on decades of experience, the company offers all relevant measuring devices for battery production from a single source.

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Building automation: Energy harvesting multisensor for IoT

Energy harvesting pioneer Enocean presents a new multi-sensor. In the PTM form factor from the manufacturer of maintenance-free wireless switches and sensors, the sensor module provides data for building automation and the Internet of Things (IoT). The integrated solar cell generates all the energy required for operation.

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Handling: Digitalization starts with the sensor

With the help of high-precision inductive sensors, significant added value can be generated in the production environment: all component states can be queried precisely and thus predictive maintenance can be implemented. At Baumer “Smart Gripping” begins the digitalization of sensor technology.

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Tool making: status detection of the clamping systems

With the Vero-S modular system from Schunk, the workpiece and clamping device can be fully automated and quickly fixed, positioned and clamped in the machine. The Vero-S AFS3 IOL interrogation sensor provides information about three clamping states of the modules.

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Sensor manufacturer know-how

Jumo sensors

Jumo, a global company, offers an extensive portfolio of high-precision sensors and automation technology for temperature, liquid analysis, pressure, level, flow and humidity. The company is also known for its customized automation solutions. 

Sensors for hydrogen production

The global hydrogen economy is in full swing and is an important part of the energy transition. Jumo would like to participate in this development and is positioning itself with its Measurement Technology as a system and solution provider for hydrogen production. Pressure and temperature sensors, Conductivity sensors or pressure transmitters ensure quality here.

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Pepperl Fuchs sensors

The inventor of the proximity switch Pepperl + Fuchs is at the same time a pioneer and innovator in sensor technology and explosion protection. The extensive portfolio of sensors for industry includes inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic, photoelectric and magnetic field sensors as well as rotary encoders and identification systems. These sensors are used in a number of industries including factory and process automation.

Acceleration sensor and inclination sensor for inertial measurement

Acceleration sensors and inclination sensors from the IMU F99 series from Pepperl+Fuchs were developed specifically for dynamic applications such as those found in the Wind power or at Construction can be found. Both inertial measuring systems offer 360 degree measurement in three axes. Read how an acceleration sensor in a wind turbine and an inclination sensor in an excavator demonstrate their advantages.

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Level sensor for every level measurement

Level sensors, also known as level meters or level sensors, are devices that are used to measure the level or quantity of a medium within a container or tank or are used for limit level detection. They are required in many applications for level measurement, such as in the process industry, Food industry, chemical industry, water and wastewater treatment and many more. Pepperl+Fuchs has a solution for every application.

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Inductive sensor with a reliably high switching distance

Inductive sensors from Pepperl+Fuchs are used in a wide variety of applications and sectors in the process industry and industrial automation. No matter whether for Position detection the metal objects or as proximity switch in the machine tool, an inductive sensor from the manufacturer reliably detects metallic objects even with a large switching distance.

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Industrial radar sensor with CAN interface

The new radar sensors for detecting Distance, speed and Direction of movement from Pepperl+Fuchs are extremely compact. Housed in an IP68/69 housing, they are particularly robust. The design also allows maximum flexibility during assembly. The rotatable and pivotable sensor head of the radar sensor can be optimally aligned to the target area in almost any installation situation.

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Ultrasonic sensor works reliably in any environment

Ultrasonic sensor technology has now arrived in all industrial areas. Their USP features are reliability, versatility, precision and robustness. Even under the harshest environmental conditions, ultrasonic sensors are insensitive to contamination because the sensor surface cleans itself through vibration. 

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Vision Sensor solves many tasks in factory automation

Pepperl+Fuchs offers based on 2D and 3D Cameratechnologies offer a wide range of options for detection, identification, positioning and measurement in factory automation. The "Smartrunner" technology combines the powerful light section process with a vision sensor including LED lighting. This is what the 2D vision is based on Sensors "Matcher" and "Detector". 

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Schaeffler sensors

The industrial and automotive supplier Schaeffler offers a variety of integrated sensors that have been specifically developed for use in the automotive industry and industrial automation. Their portfolio includes sensors for condition monitoring and diagnostics in various applications, including temperature, pressure, speed and position sensors. These sensors are integrated into a number of products, such as in Bearings or linear systems.

Wave gear integrated sensors for cobots

Schaeffler offers sensors for Cobots, which in precisionStrain wave gear are integrated. With this concept for measuring torque, shorter cycle times are possible Robotic possible. Methods like these enable significant progress in the widespread use of the collaborative robots in industrial automation.

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Schmersal sensors

Schmersal offers a broad portfolio of safety sensors that are specifically designed for use in industrial safety applications. These include magnetic, optoelectronic and inductive safety sensors that are used in various configurations for monitoring and controlling machines and systems. These sensors are designed to increase safety and efficiency in automated and manual work environments by providing precise monitoring and protection capabilities.

Safety sensors for machine safety

Schmersal's extensive portfolio of safety switches, safety locking devices and safety sensors for machine safety is used to monitor machines or protective doors and allows the protective device to be precisely adapted to the application. It also includes products for specific requirements such as: Explosion protection or hygienically sensitive use. 

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Turck sensors

Turck offers an extensive portfolio of sensors for industrial applications. The range includes inductive, capacitive, magnetic field-based, optoelectronic and ultrasonic sensors as well as pressure sensors. Many of these sensors are IO-link capable and therefore support Industry 4.0 applications. These products are used in a variety of industries to automate processes and monitor machine functions.

Encoder: Incremental, absolute and communicative

Turck offers non-contact and conventional encoders in various designs. The encoders are incremental, absolute with hollow shaft or solid shaft in sizes from 24 to 102 mm diameter. They are vibration-resistant, robust and work even in demanding environments. Here we present to you the new developments such as the Profinet absolute rotary encoders.

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Inductive sensor for logistics and carbon applications

Inductive sensors from Turck record contactlessly based on the wear-free functional principle metal objects. The Uprox sensors are characterized by their special coil concept. The factor 1 sensors offer the largest switching distance on metals. A new inductive sensor based on Uprox technology has now been developed in a cuboid shape for logistics and another for the first time for carbon detection.

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Temperature sensor – humidity sensor – vibration sensor

Turck's extensive portfolio Temperature Sensors also in combination with moisture measurement or vibration measurement offers a wide selection for a wide variety of applications. The comfortable temperature sensor series TS+, for example, is very flexible, easy to install and quick to set up. The new combined temperature/vibration sensor CMVT with IO-Link also offers results with high accuracy. 

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Ultrasonic and radar level sensor with IO-Link for the IIoT

Different measuring principles are used to record limit levels or measure fill levels. Turck offers a comprehensive portfolio for various media and environmental conditions. This also includes the ultrasonic level sensor and the radar sensor for level measurement. IO-Link interfaces make the sensors IIoT suitable.

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Other sensor manufacturers

  • ASM specializes in sensors for displacement, angle and inclination measurements and offers robust and precise solutions for a wide range of industrial applications.
  • Baumer is a global provider of a wide range of sensors and measuring instruments for factory and process automation.
  • Balluff offers a wide range of sensor solutions, including inductive, optical and capacitive sensors for automation technology.
  • Endress+Hauser specializes in measuring devices and sensors for process automation, with a strong focus on precise and reliable measurement of liquids and gases.
  • Honeywell offers a wide range of sensors including pressure, temperature, humidity and gas sensors in demanding industrial environments.
  • IFM Electronic is known for a wide range of sensors, including position and process sensors, tailored to the needs of industrial automation.
  • Jumo offers an extensive range of sensors and measuring devices, especially for temperature and humidity measurements.
  • Micro-Epsilon is a specialist in precision measurement technology and offers highly accurate sensors, particularly for path, color and temperature.
  • Novotechnik is a leader in position measurement technology with sensors for precise and long-lasting angle and distance measurements.
  • Leuze Electronic is known for optoelectronic sensors and safety technology, especially for automation, and is a specialist in the field of safety light barriers.
  • Sensorpart specializes in the production of pressure and temperature sensors for a wide range of industrial applications.
  • Sick specializes in industrial sensor solutions, including security, identification and environmental sensors, also tailor-made and high-performance for complex applications.
  • STW (Sensor-Technik Wiedemann) specializes in sensors and measuring systems for mobile automation, especially for the off-highway sector.
  • TE Connectivity offers sensors for harsh environments, including temperature, pressure, vibration and position sensors, with an emphasis on miniaturization and precision.
  • Wika is a leader in pressure and temperature measurement technology for various industrial applications.

FAQ

What is a sensor simply explained?

A sensor is a device that detects certain physical or chemical properties such as temperature, light, pressure, humidity or movement and converts them into a signal that can be easily measured and processed. Put simply, a sensor senses changes in its environment and transforms this information into a form that can be understood and used by humans or machines.

What are the different sensors?

There are numerous types of sensors that differ according to their function and the parameter to be measured. Some of the common sensor types are:

  1. Temperature sensors measure temperature or changes in temperature.
  2. Pressure sensors detect the pressure in a liquid or gas.
  3. Humidity sensors measure the moisture content in the air.
  4. Light sensors detect light intensity or changes.
  5. Motion sensors detect movement or changes in position.
  6. Proximity sensors measure the distance to an object without physical contact.
  7. Gas sensors identify and measure the concentration of gases in the air.
  8. Speed ​​sensors detect the speed of an object.
  9. Force and strain sensors measure force, pressure or strain on a surface or material.
  10. Acoustic sensors convert sound waves into electrical signals.

What two types of sensors are there?

There are different types of sensors. One can differentiate:

  • According to the measurement principle: This is where sensors are categorized based on the type of physical or chemical quantity they measure. Examples include temperature sensors, pressure sensors, light sensors, humidity sensors, motion sensors and many others.
  • According to the output signal: Sensors are also divided according to the type of their output signal, i.e. into analog and digital sensors.

Corresponding are:

  • Analog sensors produce a continuous output signal that is proportional to the quantity being measured. Examples are temperature sensors that output a constantly changing voltage depending on the temperature.
  • Digital sensors generate discrete (on/off) electrical signals. An example would be a motion sensor that sends out a digital signal when motion is detected.

Or you can differentiate between functions and energy supply:

  • Active sensors require an external power supply to function. Active sensors generate a signal or form of energy such as light waves, ultrasonic waves or electromagnetic fields that are emitted to the object to be detected or the environment and then picked up or reflected. Examples of active sensors are radar and ultrasonic sensors.
  • Passive sensors do not require an external energy source to take measurements. They detect and measure natural energy emanating from the observed object or the environment. A typical example of passive sensors are infrared sensors, which detect the thermal radiation naturally emitted by objects.

What does actual value and target value mean in sensor technology?

In sensor technology, the “actual value” refers to the actually measured quantity or the condition as recorded by the sensor system. The "target value", on the other hand, is the desired or specified target value that should be achieved in a process or system. Typically, actual and target values ​​are compared to decide whether corrective actions are required to control or regulate the process.

What is the difference between a measuring sensor and a measuring sensor?

A transducer, also known as a sensor, is a device that records physical or chemical properties such as temperature, pressure, light and converts them into an electrical signal. A probe, often part of the sensor, is the specific element or component that comes into direct contact with the medium to be measured and records the physical quantity. In short, the sensor records the quantity, the transducer converts it, and the actual value is the result of this measurement.